Step 1: Count the Frequency

Given a set of values, we can estimate the probability of observing certain values by counting how many observations fall within a specific range. This count is called the frequency.

For example, the Colonel wants to estimate the probability that a chicken weighs more than 5 pounds. The Colonel weighed 32 chickens from the flock.

Figure 1. Colonel weighing a chicken on a scale. The illustration shows a single chicken being weighed as part of a systematic measurement process. This visual emphasizes how individual observations are collected to count how many values meet a specific condition, which is the basis for determining frequency.